Senin, 21 November 2011

[L783.Ebook] PDF Ebook Modern Rhetorical Criticism 3th (third) edition Text Only, by Roderick P Hart

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Modern Rhetorical Criticism 3th (third) edition Text Only, by Roderick P Hart

  • Sales Rank: #7981392 in Books
  • Published on: 2004
  • Number of items: 2
  • Binding: Paperback

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Sabtu, 19 November 2011

[J848.Ebook] Ebook On Monsters: An Unnatural History of Our Worst Fears, by Stephen T. Asma

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Hailed as "a feast" (Washington Post) and "a modern-day bestiary" (The New Yorker), Stephen Asma's On Monsters is a wide-ranging cultural and conceptual history of monsters--how they have evolved over time, what functions they have served for us, and what shapes they are likely to take in the future. Beginning at the time of Alexander the Great, the monsters come fast and furious--Behemoth and Leviathan, Gog and Magog, Satan and his demons, Grendel and Frankenstein, circus freaks and headless children, right up to the serial killers and terrorists of today and the post-human cyborgs of tomorrow. Monsters embody our deepest anxieties and vulnerabilities, Asma argues, but they also symbolize the mysterious and incoherent territory beyond the safe enclosures of rational thought. Exploring sources as diverse as philosophical treatises, scientific notebooks, and novels, Asma unravels traditional monster stories for the clues they offer about the inner logic of an era's fears and fascinations. In doing so, he illuminates the many ways monsters have become repositories for those human qualities that must be repudiated, externalized, and defeated.

  • Sales Rank: #173913 in Books
  • Published on: 2011-09-01
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 6.10" h x .90" w x 9.20" l, 1.05 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 368 pages

Amazon.com Review
Real or imagined, literal or metaphorical, monsters have exerted a dread fascination on the human mind for many centuries. Using philosophical treatises, theological tracts, newspapers, films, and novels, author Stephen T. Asma unpacks traditional monster stories for the clues they offer about the inner logic of our fears and fascinations throughout the ages.

Take a Closer Look at the Mythical Creatures from On Monsters
Click on image to enlarge


The manticore monster was thought to favor human flesh.
Descriptions of the beast appear in the natural history texts of Ctesias, Aristotle, and Pliny.
Pencil drawing by Stephen T. Asma � 2008, based on a sketch from Edward Topsell’s seventeenth-century bestiary.



The Golem is a bumbling monster of Jewish folklore. The clay creature was animated by Rabbi Judah Loew to protect the Jewish ghetto but could not be controlled and wreaked havoc in Prague.
Pen and ink drawing by
Stephen T. Asma � 2008.


The Cyclops legend was fueled by ancient Greek misinterpretations of mastodon skulls found in Mediterranean caves.
Pencil drawing and collage by
Stephen T. Asma.


Symbolic of God’s power, the biblical Behemoth appears in the Book of Psalms and Job.
Pencil drawing by Stephen T. Asma � 2008.

From Publishers Weekly
Asma's book zooms in on the subject of monsters, both mythical and real, past, present and future, detailing how they have fascinated and frightened the human imagination through all of recorded time. Conjuring dread, the mind's eye has embraced the Philistine giant Goliath, Grendel, the golem of Jewish lore, Frankenstein's monster, freak shows, monster spectacles and werewolves with equal parts affection and terror, writes Asma, a philosophy professor at Columbia College Chicago. Using varied media sources, from history to legend and literature, Asma studies the symbolic meaning of monsters (e.g., biblical monsters represent arrogance in the face of God's power) and their psychological function. He concludes that humans need an excuse to fight, protect and defend, as well as to transfer those horrific qualities, our own monstrous desires, to inhuman beings. A wide-ranging exploration of fear and evil, Asma's presentation and theories are original and practical, depicting those dark, repulsive notions of an unstable, turbulent world in which everybody must struggle to remain human and civilized. 30 b&w illus. (Oct.)
Copyright � Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Review

"Monsters literal and metaphorical are dissected with skill and discernment in philosopher and scholar Asma's penetrating "unnatural history." Erudite, funny, and deeply attuned to the profound psychological and moral implications of monstrousness, Asma encompasses the mystical and the scientific as he ponders the simultaneous repulsion and attraction monsters arouse... Asma is insightful and entertaining in his discussion of monsters of the deep, supernatural doppelgangers, zombies, and vampires, and intense in his discussion of Freud and the 'science of monstrous feelings...' Asma's far-reaching book of monsterology is original, captivating, and profoundly elucidating."--Booklist starred review


"With insight, erudition, and humor, Asma's compendium of monsterology traces the evolving meanings and manifestations of monsters since antiquity, in religion, philosophy, science, literature, popular culture, and the human psyche. To explain the eternal attraction and repulsion of the monstrous, Asma draws on material from Aristotle to nanotechnology, revealing myriad, surprising ways that supernatural, natural, and metaphorical monsters inhabit the landscape of our imagination."--Adrienne Mayor, author of The First Fossil Hunters and The Poison King


"On Monsters is a humorously omnivorous consideration of the monstrous. It's a delightful book, a terrific balance of scholarship and wonder."--Audrey Niffenegger, author of The Time Traveler's Wife


"A wide-ranging exploration of fear and evil, Asma's presentation and theories are original and practical, depicting those dark, repulsive notions of an unstable, turbulent world in which everybody must struggle to remain human and civilized." --Publishers Weekly


"A comprehensive modern-day bestiary."--New Yorker


"Cleverly conceived and slyly written...I have seldom read a book that so satisfyingly achieves such an ambitious goal... His new book is a feast." --Washington Post


"Spelunking adventure through the caverns of world history, culture and thought." --Chicago Sun-Times


"Asma has a lucid, engaging style, and he uses it to provide a thoughtfully breezy survey of the bizarre and the lurking." --Chicago Reader


In his new book, On Monsters: An Unnatural History of Our Worst Fears, Columbia College lecturer Stephen Asma lays out a frightful and compelling bestiary." --Time Out Chicago


"This highly readable, often humorous book is suitable for anyone interested in the history of ideas, culture, and the imagination." --Choice


"Asma's book is a thoroughly entertaining and informative discussion of human fear and monsters. It consistently takes the reader in unexpected directions and makes complex connections that are not readily apparent. The mixture of history, religion, psychology, and philosophy, infused with periodic doses of popular culture references, makes this book much more than simply a bestiary of monsters."--Journal of Folklore Research


"A thoroughly entertaining and informative discussion of human fear and monsters. It consistently takes the reader in unexpected directions and makes complex connections that are not readily apparent. The mixture of history, religion, psychology, and philosophy, infused with periodic doses of popular culture references, makes this book much more than simply a bestiary of monsters." --Journal of Folklore Research


Most helpful customer reviews

19 of 19 people found the following review helpful.
The Monsters Within
By Adam Rourke
On Monsters takes you down a dark stair into the cellar of the human mind. A place where all that is horrible and inconceivably wicked in the universe scurries about in the shadows ready to leap out upon you from the darkness. Mankind's fascination with, and dread of, monsters is a part of the human experience that stretches back in the past as far as we are able to see. What these ideas are have changed and grown through the centuries in step with the growth of our understanding of the world and our place in it. To the ancients monsters were outside, outside of us and outside the world that the gods had made. Rapacious and insatiable it was up to the great heroes, Beowulf and St. George, to slay them. And to some extent this is still valid today. But by the time of the Greeks people had begun to realize that things were not that simple. There could be human monsters too, Medea serving her children for supper.

Dr. Asma undertakes to lead you through the entire conceptual history of monsters. A compendium of monsterology beginning with Alexander and his battle with monsters in India on up to the present, every type of monster is given its turn. As our understanding of monsters develops you can see the monsters evolving. The cyclops of the ancients, the witches of the medieval church, the physical mutants of science, the Frankenstein's monster and the werewolves of popular culture, the Hitler's, the John Wayne Gracie's and the monsters of our own psyche. What they are and how they are understood in today's world the understanding of monsters is not simple and has simple answers. Perhaps this is the lesson of the whole book for in the end the monster's are within us all. And if we are ever to control them it is here that they must be faced. This book will give you some fresh insights into some of the darker recesses of the human mind which in turn gives one a better understanding of how you can control them in your own life.

19 of 20 people found the following review helpful.
What is a Monster?
By joyful
On Monsters: An Unnatural History of Our Worst Fears by Stephen Asma attempts to answer this question from a wide range of fascinating perspectives.

Asma begins with the origin of the word monster: "Monster derives from the Latin word monstrum, which in turn derives from the root monere (to warn). To be a monser is to be an omen." From there, Asma explores symbolic and literal monsters, the perception of monsters throughout history to the present day as well as their role in the future.

Asma's overall definition of what has been perceived as monsters is broad, encompassing mythological ones such as griffins and manticores to serial killers like John Wayne Gacy. Asma even delves into horror movies or "torture porn," such as Hostel.

The Loch Ness Monster is mentioned briefly a couple of times. Bigfoot doesn't make an appearance at all. This isn't that kind of book.

Instead, Asma explores all the facets and connotations of the monstrous:

As detailed in the ancient histories of Pliny and Herodotus
-Greek mythology
-as archetypes
-Modern-day criminal monsters
-Future monsters
-literary monsters such as Grendel and Frankenstein's creature
-Biblical monsters
-psychological
-biological: mutants
-historical
-cultural
-medical
-scientific

In chronicling the role of monsters throughout history, Asma lists some idiotic, once widely-held beliefs. One of the more outrageous ones (at least from a modern-day, enlightened point of view) is that in the middle ages, it was thought that the following caused a mother to give birth to a monster [meaning a mutant or freak]:
Too great a quantity of seed
Too little quantity
The imagination
the narrowness or smallness of the womb
the indecent posture of the mother, as when, being pregnant, she has sat too long with her legs crossed, or pressed against her womb

Surprisingly, rather than assembling a menagerie of fearsome and fantastic creatures, Asma gathers human monstrosities, such as psychopaths. The demonization of "the other" in society (other races, religions, cultures), he argues, is a form of monster-making.

Given the many and varied examples of monsters throughout history, Asma concludes that there isn't "one compelling definition of monster"; however, most monsters share the same characteristics:

"Monsters cannot be reasoned with. Monsters are generally ugly and inspire horror. Monsters are unnatural. Monsters are overwhelmingly powerful. Monsters are evil. Monsters are misunderstood. Monsters cannot be understood...They reflect the fears of specific eras. But they also reflect more universal human anxieties and cognitive tendencies, the stuff that gives us human solidarity...."

6 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
Superior Psychocultural History
By H. Campbell
Asma's book is valuable from many perspectives, but especially so with regards to the psychology of "monsterology." His comments about Freud's theory of the Uncanny, the familiar-foreign dichotomy that evokes curiosity, trepidation and fear, is an example of Asma's observations about the ambiguous nature of terror. Frankenstein, Dracula and the Wolfman scare us because they are like us but at the same time not us, a near-familiar limbo that confuses and disorients. Similarly, he observes that CGI cartoon figures that are humanoid but clearly not human can entertain us, until the imagery enters a murky nether region of human-likeness imagery, where the distinction between a real human and a faux computer duplicate is difficult to make. Again, the "near-not near" aspect creeps us out in the same manner as the once-human monsters of lore did with their similarities to us. The change in attitude towards monsters, from biological anomalies to moral degenerates, reflects the cultural attitudes of a society where the secular world's judgements outweigh those of the religious. To be sure, the medieval church appropriated monsters for instructional as well as terrorizing purposes; the Devil, of course, was their favorite pew-filling bogeyman, while witches, Jews and Muslims also made credible near-not near monsters. But with the wane of this influence, "enlightened" civilization created a whole new spectrum of monsters. Interestingly, the first Cold War sci fi flicks leaned heavily on the humanoid monster as its principle scaremonger. "Invasion of the Body Snatchers" personified the Uncanny aspects of like-not like terror with is podpeople quasi-duplicates, a not so subtle metaphor for America's Red Scare hysteria over commie monsters disguised as red blooded Americans.
Asma's book is a must read for anyone interested in how human psychology, culture and religion interact synergistically to create imageries of terror.

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Jumat, 18 November 2011

[U246.Ebook] PDF Download Introduction to Mythology: Contemporary Approaches to Classical and World Myths, by Eva M. Thury, Margaret K. Devinney

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Introduction to Mythology: Contemporary Approaches to Classical and World Myths, by Eva M. Thury, Margaret K. Devinney

Integrating original texts with explanations, interpretations, and theory, Introduction to Mythology: Contemporary Approaches to Classical and World Myths, Fourth Edition, introduces students to a wide range of myths drawn from sources all around the world and approached from various critical perspectives.

FEATURES

An innovative pedagogical structure helps students discern the complex web of literary allusions that characterize mythological texts

A global locator map at the beginning of each chapter situates the myths in their geographical context

Running margin notes provide cross-references and explanations of terms

A glossary of deities, an illustrated timeline, and suggested readings offer additional resources

A vibrant art program features more than 200 illustrations, photographs, and maps

  • Sales Rank: #414105 in Books
  • Published on: 2016-02-10
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 6.00" h x 1.60" w x 8.70" l, .0 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 944 pages

Review

"Introduction to Mythology is a first-class textbook. I have looked around at many other texts and there are very few with the breadth and depth of this book."--Marjorie Berman, Red Rocks Community College


"This is an excellent guide to world mythology for both students and teachers. It is especially helpful to a teacher trying to cover a lot of global ground in a comprehensive mythology course. Few would have the expertise commanded by the two authors to cover everything from Native American through African through contemporary film myths."--Micaela Janan, Duke University


"I've taught world mythology for twenty-five years, using a variety of texts over that time, and the Thury and Devinney textbook is by far the best and most valuable resource on the market. I have been using it since the first edition and haven't yet seen a superior work."--Marvin D. L. Lansverk, Montana State University


"Introduction to Mythology covers mythology and also introduces the notion of myth in contemporary narrative form, all the while offering a coherent analytical group of ideas to explain why these themes we find in mythology are still in our narratives today. And it does so in one book. It is the only book I know of that takes such a comprehensive approach to the subject."--Bob G. Warren, Valencia College


About the Author

Eva M. Thury is Associate Professor of English at Drexel University.

Margaret K. Devinney is Associate Professor Emerita of German at Temple University.

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Kamis, 17 November 2011

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Greek Tragedies 1: Aeschylus: Agamemnon, Prometheus Bound; Sophocles: Oedipus the King, Antigone; Euripides: HippolytusFrom Brand: Unive

Greek Tragedies, Volume I contains Aeschylus’s “Agamemnon,” translated by Richmond Lattimore; Aeschylus’s “Prometheus Bound,” translated by David Grene; Sophocles’s “Oedipus the King,” translated by David Grene; Sophocles’s “Antigone,” translated by Elizabeth Wyckoff; and Euripides’s “Hippolytus,” translated by David Grene.�Sixty years ago, the University of Chicago Press undertook a momentous project: a new translation of the Greek tragedies that would be the ultimate resource for teachers, students, and readers. They succeeded. Under the expert management of eminent classicists David Grene and Richmond Lattimore, those translations combined accuracy, poetic immediacy, and clarity of presentation to render the surviving masterpieces of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides in an English so lively and compelling that they remain the standard translations. Today, Chicago is taking pains to ensure that our Greek tragedies remain the leading English-language versions throughout the twenty-first century.�In this highly anticipated third edition, Mark Griffith and Glenn W. Most have carefully updated the translations to bring them even closer to the ancient Greek while retaining the vibrancy for which our English versions are famous. This edition also includes brand-new translations of Euripides’ Medea, The Children of Heracles, Andromache, and Iphigenia among the Taurians, fragments of lost plays by Aeschylus, and the surviving portion of Sophocles’s satyr-drama The Trackers. New introductions for each play offer essential information about its first production, plot, and reception in antiquity and beyond. In addition, each volume includes an introduction to the life and work of its tragedian, as well as notes addressing textual uncertainties and a glossary of names and places mentioned in the plays.�In addition to the new content, the volumes have been reorganized both within and between volumes to reflect the most up-to-date scholarship on the order in which the plays were originally written. The result is a set of handsome paperbacks destined to introduce new generations of readers to these foundational works of Western drama, art, and life.

  • Sales Rank: #20533 in Books
  • Brand: Brand: University Of Chicago Press
  • Published on: 2013-04-19
  • Released on: 2013-04-19
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 8.50" h x .90" w x 5.50" l, .79 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 328 pages
Features
  • Used Book in Good Condition

About the Author
Mark Griffith is a professor of classics and of theater, dance, and performance studies at the University of California, Berkeley. He lives in Albany, CA.� Trained at Cambridge, Griffith is an enormously accomplished expert on the Greek Tragedies. Glenn W. Most studied at Harvard, Oxford, and Yale and is currently professor of ancient Greek at the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, and a visiting member of the Committe on Social Thought at the University of Chicago.� He divides his time between Pisa, Florence, and Chicago. Richmond Lattimore (1906–1984) was a poet, translator, and longtime professor of Greek at Bryn Mawr College. David Grene (1913–2002) taught classics for many years at the University of Chicago. He was a founding member of the Committee on Social Thought.

Most helpful customer reviews

6 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
Very Readable Modern Translations
By J. Bair
For many years when I taught two or three of the plays in this volume, I used an edition which is now out of print. Unfortunately, many of the translations are done in a kind of pseudo-Shakespearean, which means that the translations are denser than they need to be. The translations in this edition are very readable and effective for classroom use. A nice job translating and editing.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
... this series for a college course and I'd highly recommend them. The translations aren't overly clunky and they ...
By Jamie
I used all three in this series for a college course and I'd highly recommend them. The translations aren't overly clunky and they were easy to understand.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Five Stars
By K.T.
perfect study

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Greek Tragedies 1: Aeschylus: Agamemnon, Prometheus Bound; Sophocles: Oedipus the King, Antigone; Euripides: HippolytusFrom Brand: Unive PDF
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Sabtu, 12 November 2011

[E329.Ebook] Free Ebook The Periodic Table: A Very Short Introduction, by Eric Scerri

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The Periodic Table: A Very Short Introduction, by Eric Scerri

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The Periodic Table: A Very Short Introduction, by Eric Scerri

In this authoritative Very Short Introduction to the periodic table, Eric Scerri presents a modern and fresh exploration of this fundamental topic in the physical sciences, considering the deeper implications of the arrangements of the table to atomic physics and quantum mechanics. Scerri looks at the trends in properties of elements that led to the construction of the periodic table, and how the deeper meaning of its structure gradually became apparent with the development of atomic theory and quantum mechanics, so that physics arguably came to colonize an entirely different science, chemistry.

  • Sales Rank: #67543 in Books
  • Published on: 2012-01-13
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 4.40" h x .40" w x 6.80" l, .37 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 168 pages

Review

"Entertainingly historical and touches on quite large themes like the nature of the scientific method...Overall this stylish and snappy book will entertain and enlighten you, and its convenient size means it can do so while you're on the go." -- Chemistry World


"Although entitled A Very Short Introduction, this book of 140 or so pages still manages to pack in a substantial amount of information. Usefully proportioned, so as to fit neatly in my raincoat pocket, I found that during spells waiting to catch a train, I could learn an awful lot from it." -- Josh Howgego, Royal Society of Chemisty


"The reader will have a good understanding of the main features of the periodic table's development, and will certainly be left with the impression that the story of the table has by no means ended." - Peter Hodder, HodderBalog Social and Scientific Research, Wellington, New Zealand


"I especially was fascinated by the discussion of the many alternative forms of the periodic table -- ranging from trees to spirals -- both from a scientific and philosophical point of view. By the telling the multi-faceted story of the periodic table, the reader gains an appreciation for the scientific method and for how science is really done." -- The Guardian


"The author's personal enthusiasm for the subject and his wide ranging historical and philosophical perspectives are clear in the text and add greatly to the appeal of this book. This book should be on the reading list for all chemists." -- Alan Goodwin, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK, Journal of Science Education


Outstanding Academic Title by Choice Library Review

"Despite its pocket size, this brief book offers rich, fascinating historical accounts of the scientific achievements associated with the periodic table...Highly recommended. All levels/libraries." -- M. W. Han, Columbus State Community College, Choice


"Scerri's writing is lively, engaging, and accessible. Although written for a general audience ... The Periodic Table, A Very Short Introduction is recommended as a supplementary text for high school chemistry courses, introductory chemistry course for undergraduates, and courses in the history and philosophy of science." --Journal of Chemical Education


"I am pleased to recommend highly Scerri's contribution to the [Very Short Introductions] series, which would make an ideal modestly priced gift to anyone interested in the 'central icon' of the 'central science,' especially students and young persons in general." --Foundations of Chemistry


From the Author

In writing this book I took the opportunity to update and correct many points from my earlier more in-depth book on the periodic table.� That book has been reviewed in about 60 journals in chemistry, history of science, philosophy of science and science education.� It is a privilege to be invited to write for the Oxford VSI or "Very Short Introduction" Series and I thoroughly enjoyed the process.� I could not have asked for better support from the people at Oxford University Press.

One whole area that was not mentioned very much in the first book was the synthesis of elements beyond element 92.� There is an entire chapter devoted to this topic in my VSI on the periodic table.� There is also an extended discussion of alternative forms of the periodic table, from a scientific and philosophical point of view.

regards,
Eric Scerri

Please visit my new website at
ericscerri.com
for more information about my work, the periodic table and the elements.

About the Author

Eric Scerri is a lecturer in chemistry as well as history and philosophy of science at the University of California, Los Angeles.� He has authored several books and over 100 scholarly articles in history and philosophy of science, especially in the area of chemistry. � He is also the founder and editor-in-chief of the Springer journal "Foundations of Chemistry".�
See Scerri's new website which contains many resources at
ericscerri.com/

Most helpful customer reviews

12 of 12 people found the following review helpful.
A Very Fine Book About an Extremely Profound Idea
By Jon Jacobs
Dr. Scerri's book is, to a great extent, about what most of us glossed over when we studied Chemistry in college.

I read the introductory portions of chapters in Chemistry books that covered the history and philosophy pertaining to what the chapter was about when I studied Chemistry in college but I only read those portions once. I read the parts of the chapters that were being tested on over and over again of course.

Now that I'm not striving for good grades in Chemistry the history and philosophy of the periodic table is something I find to be profound, true, and beautiful.

This Short Introduction is a beautifully written book that explains how and why the periodic table was discovered. The discovery process turns out to be a good read. I can't get over the fact that Mendeleev, the Russian genius who was most instrumental in discovering the periodic table, didn't believe in the existence of atoms!!

My only warning involves the need to have studied a bit of Chemistry to understand the book. I'm fairly certain that rudimentary knowledge of Chemistry is assumed as the basis for the book.

12 of 13 people found the following review helpful.
An introduction to the map of nature's most basic building blocks
By STEPHEN PLETKO
XXXXX

"The periodic table ranks as one of the most fruitful and unifying ideas in the whole of modern science, comparable perhaps with [Charles] Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. After evolving for nearly 150 years through the work of numerous individuals, the periodic table remains at the heart of the study of chemistry.

This is mainly because it is of immense practical benefit for making predictions about all manner of chemical and physical properties of the elements and possibilities for bond formation.

Instead of having to learn the properties of the 100 or more elements, the modern chemist, or the student of chemistry, can make effective predictions from knowing the properties of typical members of each of the eight main groups [or columns of elements] and those of the transition metals and rare earth elements [all found neatly arranged on the periodic table]."

The above extract comes from this slim book by Dr. Eric Scerri. Scerri is a chemist and a leading science philosopher specializing in the history and philosophy of the periodic table. He is presently a lecturer with the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at UCLA. (He's also a musician who plays one mean electric guitar as well as the acoustic piano.)

This book is part of the "Very Short Introductions" series (which began in 1995) that are books for anyone wanting a "stimulating and accessible way in to a new subject."

A modern definition of the periodic table might be an arrangement of the chemical elements according to their atomic numbers (the number of protons in the nucleus of an element's atom) to exhibit the periodic law (principle that the properties of the chemical elements recur at regular intervals).

Scerri describes how this modern definition came to be. In his narrative, he does not only discuss the scientific but also considers the historical and philosophical as well. Blending these three aspects makes for interesting reading especially for those who are not very familiar with the periodic table.

Before examining the periodic table, Scerri considers its main building blocks, the elements (those substances that cannot be separated into different substances; a pure substance like gold, silver, copper, carbon, aluminum, etc.) Then he takes a brief look at the modern periodic table and some of its variants. Having thus laid important thematic foundations and defined some essential terms he begins the story of the development of the modern periodic system that began with its birth in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, culminating with an entire chapter devoted to "the Russian genius" named Dimitri Mendeleev (1834 to 1907). (Mendeleev has an element named after him called mendelevium.)

After this, Scerri tells us how "physics invades the periodic table." That is, how atomic research, as well as other key discoveries in twentieth century physics influenced the understanding of the periodic table. In these sections, attention is paid to aspects of classical physics as well as quantum theory and quantum mechanics.

This book concludes with a discussion of the synthesis of elements beyond element 92 (uranium) and with a good discussion of alternative forms of the periodic table.

This book has over 40 illustrations with many of these illustrations being, not surprisingly, periodic tables.

When reading this book, I had an alphabetical list of the elements with their symbols, atomic weights (average weight of all the different types of an element), and atomic numbers handy. This was so I could follow Scerri's discussion closely, and thus get maximum value from this book. For example, the element uranium mentioned above has the symbol "U," atomic weight 238.03, and atomic number 92. (Note that you can read this book without such a list.)

The only problem I had with this book is that there is no picture of Mendeleev. Why? Scerri says that "the name of Mendeleev is inextricably linked with the periodic table in much the same way that evolution by natural selection and relativity theory are linked with Darwin and Einstein respectively."

Finally, there are two books I recommend after reading this one:

(1) "The Elements: a very short introduction" (2004)
(2) "The Periodic Table: its story and its significance" (2007)

In conclusion, Shakespeare tells us that "Brevity is the soul of wit." Dr. Scerri has shown us his wit by reducing the complicated story of the periodic table to a few pages!!

(Also, I think if he decides to form his own musical band, he should name it "The Scerriums.")

{first published 2011; acknowledgements; list of illustrations; preface; 10 chapters; main narrative 135 pages; further reading; index}



XXXXX

8 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
Another fine installment in the "A Very Short Introduction" Series
By R. M. Peterson
The last time I gave any focused attention to the periodic table was in high school chemistry, back in 1966. I vaguely remembered it as an aesthetically pleasing intellectual construct, so when I stumbled across this installment in Oxford University Press's "A Very Short Introduction" series, I decided to revisit it. I am glad I did.

Eric Scerri lectures in chemistry and the history and philosophy of science at UCLA. For a writer on scientific matters, he writes well and lucidly. The organization of THE PERIODIC TABLE is indicated by its chapters:
1. The elements
2. A quick overview of the modern periodic table
3. Atomic weight, triads, and Prout
4. Steps towards the periodic table
5. The Russian genius -- Mendeleev
6. Physics invades the periodic table
7. Electronic structure
8. Quantum mechanics
9. Modern alchemy: from missing elements to synthetic elements
10. Forms of the periodic table

Thus, the overall approach is an historical one -- from concepts involved in the periodic system, to precursors of the table, to the discovery of the periodic system by Mendeleev, to the prediction of new elements and the filling in of gaps in the periodic table, to the synthesis of elements beyond uranium, to contemporary alternative forms of the periodic table.

I don't remember Mendeleev from my high school chemistry class. Yet Scerri writes that "the name of Mendeleev is inextricably linked with the periodic table in much the same way that evolution by natural selection and relativity theory are linked with Darwin and Einstein respectively." Could it be that my high school chemistry course ignored Mendeleev because we were then near the height of the Cold War?

As probably need not be said, I am not a scientist. For someone like myself, THE PERIODIC TABLE: A VERY SHORT INTRODUCTION gives sufficient background and it strikes the appropriate level of detail. In addition to the periodic table itself, I also learned about or was reminded of various matters or developments in chemistry and physics. Even for practicing chemists, the book may be worth reading because of its historical orientation and the occasional discussion of issues philosophical in nature.

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Kamis, 10 November 2011

[G938.Ebook] PDF Ebook Introduction to Control Engineering, by Michael Dickinson

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Introduction to Control Engineering, by Michael Dickinson

This book is aimed at practising engineers, students and hobbyists. It is intended as a source of reference for hardware and software associated with instrumentation and control engineering. Examples are presented from a range of industries and applications.

Throughout the book, circuit diagrams and software listings are described, typical of many measurement and control applications. The hardware and software designs may be used as a basis for application by the reader.

The book contains examples of PIC, PLC, PAC and PC programming. All code samples are available to download free of charge from the support website.

After an introductory section on control theory and modelling, the text focus is upon software for control system simulation and implementation, with appropriate reference to interfacing, electronic hardware and computing platforms.

Introduction to Control Engineering is a sourcebook of solutions for control system applications!

  • Sales Rank: #3921614 in Books
  • Published on: 2011-06-01
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.17" h x .43" w x 5.98" l, .0 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 164 pages

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Rabu, 09 November 2011

[O554.Ebook] Download Low Hanging Fruit: An Abel Boddy Collection: Volume 2, by C. Edwards

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Low Hanging Fruit: An Abel Boddy Collection: Volume 2, by C. Edwards

A hedonistic guardian angel guides his reluctant ward through life and love in this second volume collection of the popular, nationally published webcomic.

  • Sales Rank: #5039920 in Books
  • Published on: 2013-01-18
  • Original language: English
  • Dimensions: 8.50" h x .38" w x 8.50" l,
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 158 pages

About the Author
C.Edwards is a New York based cartoonist and creator of the Abel Boddy, now in it’s seventh year follows the everyday adventures of a hedonistic guardian angel and his perpetually frustrated ward. The comic has been featured on Queerty.com, GeeksOut.org and syndicated in Ion Arizona magazine.

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0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Abel Boddy is fun!
By Wayne T.
I'm glad to see these comics in a collection. Anyone who has enjoyed the Abel Boddy series will love it!

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Selasa, 08 November 2011

[I928.Ebook] Download PDF The Two Sources of Morality and Religion, by Henri Bergson

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The Two Sources of Morality and Religion, by Henri Bergson

Henri Bergson inquires into the nature of moral obligation, into the place of religion and the purpose it has served since primitive times, into static religion and its value in preserving man from the dangers of his own intelligence; into dynamic religion or mysticism as a means of producing man's forward leap beyond the limits of the closed society for which nature intended him and into the open society which is the brotherhood of man.

“The book is filled with extraordinary illustration and, as always in Bergson, exact and luminous metaphor.” —Journal of Philosophy

“Fresh and living . . . this translation is first-rate.” —New Statesman & Nation

“Exquisitely simple . . . the English version startles one by its sheer beauty. Here is a volume crowning a series of philosophical works which have molded the thinking of a whole generation.” —Christian Century

“This book is so rich with historical, poetical, and human illustration, so packed with repeated psychological subtleties and dreaming precisions, that to miss it is to miss, as Bergson says of the prophets and Christian mystics, one of the voices of Life itself.” —Catholic World

"This book offers pleasurable access to an important way of thinking which dominant analytic and linguistic philosophical traditions in England and America have eclipsed, and which nonetheless still has current expression in many forms throughout contemporary culture."�--Reprint Bulletin
�

  • Sales Rank: #971363 in Books
  • Published on: 1977-01-31
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 8.00" h x .90" w x 5.30" l, .76 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 320 pages

Language Notes
Text: English, French (translation)

About the Author
Henri Bergson (1859-1941) was a renowned philosopher whose concept of creative evolution continues to dominate a large area of modern thought. In The Two Sources of Morality and Religion, Bergson inquires into the nature of moral obligation and into the place and purpose of religion.

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42 of 43 people found the following review helpful.
A brilliant exposition by a great thinker.
By Gary L. Herstein
In Bergson's "Two Sources," the famous french thinker applies his relational methodology and metaphysic to an analysis of religion and morality. Bergson himself was certainly very careful about how he presented his own religious sentiments, and this book continues to show that care, coupled now with his meticulous attention to phenomenological detail. Hence, this is not a proselytizing sermon, but a close analysis of phenomenological *sources* of religious and moral sentiment.

This is a later work of Bergson's, and as such, it might not be the best introduction to his work. One can see a great deal of Bergson's previous metaphysical thought operating in the background if one knows what to look for. To catch up on that background, one might want to read _Time and Freewill_ or _Matter and Memory_, for instance.

However, its also not clear that one really needs that background to appreciate this book. For one thing, this volume gives one of the clearest examples of Bergson's methodology that I have encountered (in my admittedly limited studies). This method has come to be known as Bergson's "qualitative calculus" (QC, a term coined by Pete Gunther). The QC has certain obvious similarities with Hegel's dialectic: a phenomenon gets analyzed as a product of two tensional poles which define a spectum of relations between them. But the differences are also manifest. The poles, for Bergson, have none of the ontological status of Hegel's objective idealism. Nor are they so much Ideal Opposites, as they are the two ends of a relational spectrum. Bergson's relational approach is not built around a sharp, black/white oppositional structure the way Hegel's is (or at least appears to be in some readings).

The two poles for Bergson are, in this instance, what might be called "habit" and "inspiration," which lead to, respectively, static and dynamic structures. These structures are rarely if ever encountered in their pure forms, and as such the two poles are the abstracted ideal elements of a phenomenological analysis. Chapter one of _Two Sources_ focuses on morality, and gives the initial development of QC structures that Bergson will then apply throughout the rest of the book. Chapter two takes religion in its static, habit based form, and further delves into this structure along the lines of Bergson's QC. (Here, again, we see the debt to Hegel, where each stage of the dialectic leads to a deeper analysis.) Chapter three takes religion in its dynamic phase, and the final chapter summarizes and offers conclusions.

Once again, this is not a book looking to convert the faithless, nor is it preaching to the choir. It is a careful analysis along the lines of James' _Varieties of Religious Experience_. (By the by, for those who don't already know, Bergson and James were frequent correspondents, and admirers of one anothers work.)It may not be the best introduction to Bergson's thought, but it is certainly worthy of reading.

16 of 21 people found the following review helpful.
Open philosophy or closed mind?
By Ashtar Command
Today, the French philosopher Henri Bergson (1859-1941) is more or less forgotten. However, he was an important person during most of his lifetime, and even something of a celebrity. He met the US president Woodrow Wilson and participated in the creation of the League of Nations, heading its cultural and educational branch. In 1927, Bergson was awarded the Nobel literature prize by the Swedish Academy, ostensibly because of his philosophy books, but (I guess) really as a form of general recognition. During World War Two, when France was occupied by the Nazis, the fascist Vichy regime offered to exempt Bergson from the anti-Semitic laws (he was part-Jewish), an offer the aged philosopher turned down, no doubt as a protest against anti-Semitism and Nazism. However, some people still believe that Bergson converted to Catholicism in secret during the war.

The most well known book by Bergson is, of course, "Creative Evolution". Being something of a non-conformist, I decided to start by reading Bergson's last and most controversial work, "The Two Sources of Morality and Religion", published in 1932 (in English in 1935). Bergson's philosophy took an explicitly religious and mystical turn with the publication of this book. It's difficult to label Bergson, but pantheistic mysticism might be the best description. At the same time, he is very sympathetic to Christianity, in particular Christian mystics.

Unfortunately, Bergson's book is very difficult to read: he takes a hundred pages or more to get to the point, and when he finally makes it, he ruminates the same point for another hundred pages! Frankly, "The Two Sources" could have been half as long. The work also feels like an intellectual roller coaster ride. Sometimes, Bergson hits the nail squarely on the head. At other times, he sounds nebulous or...well, religious.

Bergson believes that what we call "morality" are really two entirely different phenomena. They can and do blend, to the extent that we don't recognize their distinctiveness in daily life. Yet, the two kinds of "morality" have different origins. None of them come from human reason. "Closed morality" (in-group morality) is a product of nature and regular evolution. It's a system of societal sanctions and obligations, enabling (and sometimes forcing) humans to co-operate and survive. Philosophers often imagine that this kind of morality is eminently reasonable, can be deduced from categorical imperatives, and that somehow it's intrinsically motivating. Not so, says Bergson. "Closed" morality works only because it has the sanction of society behind it, a sanction the individual has more or less internalized. That's why it looks "reasonable" to him, but without the material sanction, humans would be egoists. This is obviously a criticism of Kantians, but Bergson also waxes sarcastic over utilitarians, at one point saying that "only a subtle utilitarian philosopher" would refrain from being egoistic in a world where reason isn't backed up by societal sanctions.

But there is also an "open" morality, a morality that sees beyond the in-group, transcends its limitations, and reaches to embrace all of humanity. This morality has no connection to reason either. Nor is it derived from "nature" as we usually understand the term. It's source is spiritual, mystical and religious. The ultimate source of "open" morality is the �lan vital, the life force that permeates the entire cosmos. I must admit that I never really understood what exactly this �lan vital is supposed to *be*, and yet it was a central tenet of Bergson's philosophy almost from the start. In "The Two Sources", at any rate, the concept is clearly religious in character. �lan vital (sometimes translated "vital impulse") is the later Bergson's equivalent to Brahman. In opposition to Hinduism, however, Bergson imagines the pantheistic deity to be active rather than passive. The vital impulse creates matter, takes hold of it, and forces it to evolve into more and more complex forms. There is no preconceived plan, so in that sense the entire universe is "open". Suffering is inevitable, but so is creativity, freedom and the unexpected - and, in the end, some kind of joyful life after death (although Bergson says very little about this). As civilization progresses, "closed" and "open" forms of morality are combined, but unless humanity creates a world community, "closed" morality will always remain somewhere. Bergson points out that Western nations nominally believe in "the brotherhood of man", even on the morrow of destructive wars! The process towards a completely "open" morality isn't completed.

Bergson also makes a distinction between "closed" and "open" religion. This part of the book is quite boring, as Bergson strides into comparative religion and anthropology, speculating about the exact origins of this or that superstitious belief. His main point is that "closed" religion is nature's response to human intelligence. It's essentially a way of constraining intelligence. Without the superstitions and taboos of "closed" religion, humans would feel lost in the immensity of space, not to mention the fact that we would constantly fear our own deaths. Also, we would become egoists without "closed" religion lending sanction to "closed" morality. Thus, "closed" religion is a psychological and sociological phenomenon, and hence unreal. Bergson calls it absurd, hallucinatory, and so on. By contrast, "open" religion is the religion that bases itself on mystical experiences, and justifies "open" morality.

The high point of both "open" morality and "open religion" is Christianity, especially the Sermon on the Mount and various Christian mystics. Bergson is more critical of Buddhism. As for Hinduism, he is sympathetic to Ramakrishna and Vivekananda, but believes that they represent a recent phase of Hindu evolution (he is right in Vivekananda's case). In a footnote, he actually mentions Evelyn Underhill, pointing out that she appropriated some of Bergson's own ideas!

Bergson further believes that "open" morality and religion become influential due to the charismatic power and example of strong personalities. Thus, it's not simply mystical experiences that moves the crowds to accept "open" morality. Apparently, it can be spread by external means as well, but in Bergson's opinion, this is not group pressure, but rather a kind of instinctive sympathy which makes men follow strong, saintly persons. For rather obvious reasons, this part of Bergson's work is very hard to swallow. Charismatic leaders, as we all know, can have quite another effect on people than moral ones!

There are other problems with "The Two Sources" as well. Bergson's work suffers from internal inconsistencies. He rejects teleology, seeing it as determinist, and instead favours the unbounded freedom to create of the �lan vital. But he also regards humans and social insects (!) as the end points of evolution, the one having perfect intelligence, the other being endowed with pure instinct, both being social. This implies that there is a kind of teleology after all, although our author graciously allows that ants and bees might be an alternative goal of creative evolution. (Overall, Bergson seems fascinated by bees and ants.) There is also an obvious tension between the superstitions of the "closed" religions, which Bergson almost contemptuously rejects, and his own "open" religion, which might also be accused of serving purely psychological and sociological needs, as when Bergson writes that although there is a lot of suffering, there is also hope that it will cease one day, etc.

Finally, I note that while Bergson was condemned by the Catholic Church during his lifetime, this edition of "The Two Sources of Morality and Religion" is published by Notre Dame Press, and has a positive blurb from the magazine Catholic World (and also from the Protestant Christian Century). It seems his pantheistic mysticism has been "opened" after Vatican II! Still, I don't think Bergson is very influential today, although Pierre Teilhard de Chardin and Sri Aurobindo may have said something similar. But Bergson himself seems to have been forgotten.

"The Two Sources of Morality and Religion" probably doesn't contain the solution to the world riddle. Still, it might be of some passing interest to students of philosophy, theology or comparative religion. Open philosophy or closed mind? That is the question.

2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
BERGSON GOES BEYOND HIS CONCLUSIONS IN “CREATIVE EVOLUTION”
By Steven H Propp
Henri-Louis Bergson (1859-1941) was a French philosopher, who was awarded the 1927 Nobel Prize in Literature. His other works include The Creative Mind: An Introduction to Metaphysics, Matter and Memory, Time and Free Will, etc.

He begins this 1932 book with the statement, “The remembrance of forbidden fruit is the earliest thing in the memory of each of us… What a childhood we should have had if only we had been left to do as we pleased!... But all of a sudden an obstacle arose, neither tangible or visible: a prohibition. Why did we obey? The question hardly occurred to us. We had formed the habit of deferring to our parents and teachers…They occupied a certain station, that was the source of the command which, had it issued from some other quarter, would not have possessed the same weight… we should compare it to an organism whose cells… fall into their respective places in a highly developed hierarchy, and for the greater good of the whole naturally submit to a discipline that may demand the sacrifice of the part.” (Pg. 9)

He observes, “social cohesion is largely due to the necessity for a community to protect itself against others, and … it is primarily as against all other men that we love the men with whom we live… it is only through God, in God, that religion bids man love mankind; and likewise it is through reason along… that philosophers make us look at humanity in order to show us the pre-eminent dignity of the human being, the right of all to command respect.” (Pg. 32-33)

He points out, “The morality of the Gospels is essentially that of the open soul: are we not justified in pointing out that it borders upon paradox, and even upon contradiction, in its more definite admonitions? If riches are an evil, should we not be injuring the poor in giving them what we possess? If he who has been smitten on the one cheek is to offer the other also, what becomes of justice… But the paradox disappears, the contradiction vanishes, if we consider the intent of these maxims, which is to create a certain disposition of the soul.” (Pg. 59)

He asserts, “The spectacle of what religions have been in the past, and what religions still are today, is indeed humiliating for human intelligence. What a farrago of error and folly!... Our bewilderment increases when we see that …there has never been a society without religion. What should then be our confusion, were we to compare ourselves with animals on this point! It is highly probable that animals are unacquainted with superstition… Homo sapiens, the only creature endowed with reason, is also the only creature to pin its existence to things unreasonable.” (Pg. 103)

He argues, “man knows that he will die… Nature, in endowing him with intelligence, must inevitably lead him to this conclusion… Looked at from this … standpoint, religion is a defensive reaction of nature against the representation, by intelligence, of the inevitability of death.” (Pg. 130-131) Later, he adds, “religion… is a defensive reaction of nature against what might be depressing for the individual, and dissolvent for society, in the exercise of intelligence.” (Pg. 205)

He suggests, “creation… endowed us with an intelligence … went… beyond what nature had intended. Man’s structure seemed indeed to destine him for a more humble existence. His instinctive resistance to innovations is a proof. The inertia of humanity has never yielded, save under the impulsion of genius… science demands a twofold effort, that of a few men to find some new thing and that of all the others to adopt it and adapt themselves to it. A society may be called civilized when you find in it such a power to lead and willingness to be led. The second condition is indeed more difficult of fulfillment than the first.” (Pg. 171)

He states, “So then mysticism and religion are mutually cause and effect… Yet there must have been a beginning. And indeed at the origin of Christianity there is Christ… it matters little whether or no Christ be called a man. It does not even matter that he be called Christ… if the great mystics are indeed such as we have described them, they are the imitators, and original but incomplete continuators, of what the Christ of the Gospels was completely… There is no doubt but that Christianity was a profound transformation of Judaism… Israel and its God were not close enough together for Judaism to be the mysticism which we are defining. And yet no current of thought or feeling has contributed so much as the thought and feeling of the Jewish prophets to arouse the mysticism which we call complete, that of the Christian mystics… Christianity … owed largely to the Jewish prophets its active mysticism, capable of marching on to the conquest of the world.” (Pg. 239-240)

He comments, “the mystics unanimously bear witness that God needs us, just as we need God. Why should He need us unless it be to love us? And it is to this very conclusion that the philosopher who holds to the mystical experience must come. Creation will appear to him as God undertaking to create creators, that He may have, besides Himself, being worthy of His love… as we have said before, it is probable that life animates all the planets … matter and life … are coexistent and interdependent… there is nothing to prevent the philosopher from following to its logical conclusion the idea which mysticism suggests to him of a universe which is the mere visible and tangible aspect of love and of the need of loving… No doubt we are here going beyond the conclusions we reached in ‘Creative Evolution.’ We wanted then to keep as close as possible to the facts…”(Pg. 255-256)

This is a stimulating and thought-provoking book, that will be “must reading” for anyone studying Bergson and his thought.

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